TLS Labs

Everything Related to Cryptography, All in One Place

  • TLS 1.0 – 1.3
  • PKI & X.509
  • Cipher Suites
  • Certificate Authorities
  • Cyber Security
30+
Years of SSL history
10+
Deep-dive blogs
6
Protocol versions
NIC
Primary User

Why I Built This

TLS Labs is an internal reference portal I built at NIC to make the SSL/TLS world genuinely navigable for engineers who know networking but haven't spent years in cryptography.

It started with a question — actually, with the same question being asked over and over. Colleagues at NIC would come to me: "What cipher suite should we configure?", "Why did this certificate fail validation?", "What's the actual difference between TLS 1.2 and 1.3 ?". I'd answer, and a week later someone else would ask the same thing.

At some point I decided that answering individually wasn't scaling well, and I'd be better off putting everything in one place properly — with the context, the history, and the "why" behind each piece, not just the configuration commands. TLS Labs grew from that decision.

It started as an internal reference at NIC. Then colleagues from other organisations started finding it useful, so I made it public, within the Government network, i.e., NICNET. The blog posts on TLS session resumption, the ServerKeyExchange vulnerability, FREAK, cipher suites, and CA failures all came out of material I originally wrote for this — the blog is essentially TLS Labs in longform.

The goal was always the same: make the SSL/TLS world navigable for someone who knows networking but hasn't spent years in cryptography. Not a textbook. Not a vendor doc. Something you'd actually read.

Project Details

Domain

Security · TLS · PKI

Primary Audience

Network Engineers & Security Teams

Hosting Enterprise

National Informatics Centre (NIC)

Operational Status

Live & Active

Ecosystem Coverage

01 — Foundation

Protocol History & Timeline

From SSL 2.0 (1995) to TLS 1.3 (2018) — what changed, what broke, and why each version replaced the last.

02 — Mechanics

The TLS Handshake

How a client and server negotiate a secure session — full and abbreviated handshakes, session resumption, and session tickets.

03 — Cryptography

Cipher Suites

How to read a cipher suite name, which ones to use, which to avoid, and why export-grade crypto was a disaster waiting to happen.

04 — Trust

PKI & Certificate Chains

Root CAs, intermediate CAs, the chain of trust, certificate validation, and what happens when any link in that chain is compromised.

05 — Failures

Epic CA Fails

A documented history of high-profile Certificate Authority failures and mis-issuances — DigiNotar, Comodo, WoSign, and others.

06 — Attacks

Known Vulnerabilities

FREAK, POODLE, BEAST, Heartbleed — what each attack exploited and what it forced the industry to fix. Not just names, but mechanisms.

07 — Extensions

SNI, ALPN & OCSP

The TLS extensions that made modern HTTPS possible — Server Name Indication, application protocol negotiation, and online certificate status.

08 — Deployment

Configuration & Best Practices

What to actually configure — cipher suite selection, certificate management, HSTS, certificate transparency, and staying current.

Protocol Timeline

1995

SSL 2.0 Deprecated

Netscape's first published version. Serious design flaws discovered almost immediately. Never safe to use.

1996

SSL 3.0 Deprecated

A significant redesign — but still ultimately broken. POODLE (2014) finally killed it for good.

1999

TLS 1.0 Deprecated

SSL 3.0 renamed and handed to the IETF. BEAST and POODLE made it untenable. Formally deprecated by RFC 8996 in 2021.

2006

TLS 1.1 Deprecated

Added protection against CBC padding attacks but fell short in other areas. Deprecated RFC 8996 alongside TLS 1.0.

2008

TLS 1.2 Legacy Active

Widely deployed architecture layer. Supports authenticated encryption parameters (AEAD) and SHA-256 data streams.

2018

TLS 1.3 Current Standard

Optimized transaction framework. Features lower round-trip latency handshakes and mandatory forward secrecy constraints.

Deep-Dive Resources

TLS Timeline Analysis

A clear, step-by-step structural chronology of standard enhancements across the timeline.

Epic CA Fails Review

Documented root-cause reviews of high-profile Certificate Authority operational trust failures.

Cipher Suite Evaluation

Operational classification matrices for prioritizing cipher definitions and weeding out weak crypto.

Session Resumption Infrastructure

Technical deep-dive explaining abbreviated handshakes, state tokens, and secure cache handling.

ServerKeyExchange Message Flaws

An analytical breakdown of the cryptographic validation vulnerabilities inside early TLS versions.

FREAK Vulnerability Vector

Dissecting the factoring mechanics that weaponized legacy export-grade RSA keys against production systems.

SNI Extension Roadmap

Explaining the protocol layer additions that unlocked multi-tenant secure virtual hosting over shared server IPs.

Chain Verification & Network Paths

How systems map an untrusted site credential back up through intermediaries to a hardware security module root.